Links to this study has been posted and discussed extensively on Rokslide recently so I assumed it was a known topic. Here is a link:
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Hiking trails are a path to destruction for Colorado elk - High Country News
Recreationalists in Vail are having a devastating impact on the local herd.www.hcn.org
That’s an article, not a study.
Your quote about a cow being disturbed 10 times resulting in 100% calf mortality is pure speculation, not fact. Read the part of the story where it says “models”.
My oldest son lives near Estes Park in wintering grounds. Neither of us have found anything other than predator kill calves.