I think might help most to interpret what they are seeing. It is not an in-depth explanation. But is a brief overview to help.
These are the major parts of the wound channel we are measuring.
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Pen= Total penetration depth
NL= neck length. Depth that bullet penetrates before upset begins.
TC= temporary stretch cavity maximum diameter @
Max TC depth= the depth of maximum temporary cavity
TC Length= the length from “x” inches to “y” inches of the temporary cavity.
There are a couple more things that take some education, primarily the difference between max TC and actual TC that causes permanent damage.
This is a picture that shows the differences in the expected variability of standard 168gr and 175ge SMK’s. It also shows the different parts of the TC (look at middle wound profile) -
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These show the basic parts of a wound channel and with what bullets cause them and at what impact velocities:
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Now with those parts color outline matched on
@eoperator picture of the Berger 140gr EH-
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Photo credit to Dr. Gary K Robert’s and Dr. Martin Fackler.