I’ve worked quite a bit with state and fed entities in natural resources over last 25 years… there are absolutely some important functions but the incompetence, redundancy, and reliance on soft money or outcompeting small biz with interagency back scratching is a problem.
I always wonder how best to interpret stats like ‘for every $1 spent, they generate $X in revenue and Y jobs.’ How come private firms aren’t in that game if it is so successful?
Just asked GPT to make a list of feds that have fish biologists to make the point. Funny because they missed a few (BIA, BPA, TVA, etc.). Numbering was messed up when I pasted it but you’ll get the point.
You would think with all this coverage, on top of state efforts, we’d be walking across the rivers on the backs of fish!
Here is a comprehensive list of
U.S. federal agencies that employ
fish biologists in various capacities (e.g., research, management, policy, enforcement). This includes civilian and military-affiliated agencies:
Primary Agencies with Dedicated Fish Biology Programs
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS)
- Primary federal agency focused on fish conservation, hatcheries, ESA-listed species, and habitat restoration.
- Manages National Fish Hatcheries, Fish and Wildlife Conservation Offices.
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS): Focuses on marine and anadromous fish biology, stock assessments, ESA/MMPA consultation, habitat restoration.
- U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
- Ecosystems Mission Area, especially the Biological Resources Division and Cooperative Research Units(CRUs) housed at universities.
- Conducts ecological and biological research, including tagging, telemetry, disease, and population modeling.
- Bureau of Reclamation (USBR)
- Employs fish biologists to evaluate and mitigate impacts of dams, water diversions, and habitat changes in the West.
- Often collaborates on hatchery and entrainment issues.
- U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)
- Primarily civil works projects with fish biologists engaged in ESA compliance, fish passage, dam impacts, NEPA, and mitigation.
- Often embedded within environmental or planning divisions.
- Bureau of Land Management (BLM)
- Manages aquatic habitats on federal lands. Employs fish biologists under the Aquatic Habitat Management Program.
- U.S. Forest Service (USFS)
- National Forest System: Fish biologists manage aquatic resources on national forest lands.
- Research and Development branch also includes fisheries scientists.
- National Park Service (NPS)
- Employs fish biologists in parks with aquatic systems, often focused on native fish restoration, non-native control, and public education.
Other Agencies with Fisheries-Related Roles
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- While not directly employing “fish biologists” in large numbers, EPA hires aquatic ecologists and toxicologists who work on fish-related water quality issues (e.g., bioassessments, criteria development).
- Department of Defense (DoD)
- Each military branch (Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines) employs natural resources staff, including fish biologists, on or around military bases under the Integrated Natural Resources Management Plans (INRMPs).
- Department of Energy (DOE)
- Some DOE labs and field offices employ fish biologists to address impacts of hydroelectric projects and nuclear facilities (e.g., Pacific Northwest National Laboratory).
- Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC)
- Not a large direct employer of biologists, but often employs environmental specialists who coordinate with fish biologists and review fish passage, instream flow, and habitat mitigation in licensing.
- U.S. Department of State / U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)
- Occasionally employs fish biologists in international fisheries and biodiversity programs, including treaty negotiations and capacity-building.
- Smithsonian Institution
- Especially the National Museum of Natural History and Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, which conduct fish systematics, ecology, and conservation research.
- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Funds fisheries biology research through grants; some PhDs with fish biology backgrounds are employed as program officers or reviewers.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
- Forest Service (listed above), and also:
- Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS): Works with fish habitat via stream restoration.
- Agricultural Research Service (ARS): Includes aquaculture and fish nutrition researchers.
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS): Occasionally works on fish health and invasive species (e.g., Asian carp).
- U.S. Coast Guard
- Not commonly employing fish biologists, but may coordinate with them on marine protected areas, fisheries enforcement, and spill response.
- Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
- Rarely employs fish biologists directly, but some ecosystem protection and disaster response functions may overlap.
Specialized or Quasi-Federal Entities
- Regional Fishery Management Councils (Authorized under Magnuson-Stevens Act)
- Not federal agencies per se, but federally chartered bodies that often employ or consult with fish biologists (e.g., Gulf, Pacific, North Pacific councils).
- Interstate and International Commissions
- Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC)
- Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission (PSMFC)
- Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC)
- Often federally funded and staffed by biologists coordinating interstate or international fishery management.