I think that you and I are on the same page (at least generally), so I'm not taking issue with the question. I know of no disagreement within the medical community
on the vaccine, but I also have not looked for it.
As for disagreements within the medical community on the
treatments for Covid, there has at least been the debate on hydroxychloroquine - and on that topic, I got an earful last summer from a friend who is an oncologist about how far off I was to think HCQ could be helpful, or at least not harmful. Fauci said in July that HCQ "is not effective in the treatment of coronavirus disease or Covid-19" and about a week later an article in the American Journal of Medicine said "when started earlier in the hospital course, for progressively longer durations and in outpatients, antimalarials [HCQ] may reduce the progression of disease, prevent hospitalization, and are associated with reduced mortality." Yes, this was in the summer and perhaps the broader community is now more aligned.
I also think that there are some who question masks (my physician says the evidence supporting their efficacy is questionable) and the lockdowns (this guy is pretty interesting - "Do Lockdowns Work or Not?" -
https://drmalcolmkendrick.org).
Although I believe the medical community is usually correct, and in agreement, a few recent books I've read have caused me to question much more than I used to. The diet/heart or lipid hypothesis is a good example. And if you are up for something disturbing, read "Bad Pharma - How Drug Companies Mislead Doctors and Harm Patients" by Ben Goldacre. The book does not just call out Big Pharma, but also universities, government agencies (including the FDA), health organizations and medical journals. It's pretty troubling, and as a result, not easy to read/stomach.