A guy could, but it would be a short list of cartridges (6ARC, 22ARC, 6GT, 6.5CM, .308 would be my short list of the top of my head) to allow low cost, long barrel life, high volume practice and desired terminal performance at my desired ranges.
Much better would be a .223 trainer/backup and a 6CM/.243/22CM/.22-250 hunting rifle for better danger space, wind, and extended range without the barrel life concerns that come with a "one rifle" setup.
Much better would be a .223 trainer/backup and a 6CM/.243/22CM/.22-250 hunting rifle for better danger space, wind, and extended range without the barrel life concerns that come with a "one rifle" setup.