@mtluckydan @BuzzH- You both obviously have passion, experience, and expertise on both the history of management and regs in MT. One question for the both of you. If lions are responsible for more kills than wolves, and wolves are known to kill lions, is there even a need to reduce lion quotas or will the continued expansion of wolves take care of this problem naturally?
Anecdotally, I've read that wolves pushed lions out of traditional areas (i believe this case study was in Yellowstone) where they were comfortable/successful hunting ungulates. The wolves displaced the lions into steeper and more difficult country where there are fewer animals that are more dificult for them to hunt. This increased the success/health of the wolf packs at the detriment of the lions.
So if wolves kill lions when they can, and in parallel haze them into undesirable areas, it seems to me that this 1-2 punch "should" reduce lion impact on big game animals. If this logic holds (and can be supported with impartial scientific evidence) it sounds like MTFWP should focus less on wolves until they get lion populations to acceptable levels and then re-prioritize wolf management afterwards with the same goals in mind. One key assumption is that wolves can more efficiently manage lions than people.
Going back to one of my original points, the MTFWP elk management plan will continue to be marginally effective until they are able to collect better population data. You guys have already argued that areas in NW MT are extremely difficult to survey and dependent on weather, snow pack, etc.... So in some places estimates are sometimes a best guess.
If populations estimates are a best guess, and there isn't mandatory harvest reporting to document in which units elk are being harvested, what data is the EMP actually based on? Harvest reporting in Iowa is slick as snot with a simple automated phone system. Provide the registration number on the tag, sex of the deer, county harvested, and you're done. Not sure why in 2022 MT has not adopted something similar.
Here's some things to look at, in particular the Bitterroot Elk Study.
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The entire study is very well done, and I'm a life member of a couple of the Sportsmen's groups that provided not only the funding for this study, but the push to make it happen. You can find it really easy on the net.
The hypothesis was that wolves were killing all the elk...not what they found.
For the record, its also taken a Herculean effort to get the MTFWP to increase lion quota's in the 'root as well since the data was published in 2016 (IIRC). Why? Not because of liberal judges or whatever BS mtluckydan likes to blame his woes on...100% pressure from houndsmen. In spite of what mtluckydan says, there never has been any kind of concerted effort by the "liberal anti-hunters" that have influenced any kind of lion management in Montana. There was a very well orchestrated effort by the houndsmen starting in the mid-90's to totally change lion hunting in Montana. Their efforts reduced, by over 90%, the lion harvest. It also changed from an open quota where everyone could buy a tag, to LE for lion permits. Their complaint was that the quotas were filling too fast, as in just a few days at times (wonder why that would be? Maybe more lions around than anyone thought). They also complained of no really big toms, again no brainer when that's where a majority of the outfitters and houndsmen focus their harvest. You can imagine what happened when lion quotas were reduced by 90%, harvest decreased by 90% on lions.
That severe decrease in lion harvest, combined with more MTFWP mismanagement (tons of deer b tags including one OTC) really impacted the deer hunting in my favorite places in NW Montana. Its been a long slow recovery, even with no more OTC b-tags, and reductions in B-tags in the draw, and a slight increase in lion quotas. Mirror image of the MTFWP mismanagement for elk in the GYE.
That's one of the EXACT things that the Bitterroot study brought to light, we have a lot more lions than anyone thought.
Combine that with a statewide population of somewhere between 4000-5000 lions, in comparison to a wolf population of 1100-1200...its not hard to see where the biggest impact will be on deer, elk, and moose. In particular given the fact that lions out-kill wolves by 6-1 margin and are about 5 times more abundant than wolves. Doesn't take but third grade math and a single firing brain cell to see where the problem lies.
I also don't agree that wolf populations are going to ever be close to what the lion populations are in Montana given current harvest of wolves VS lions. Again, going from memory, I believe that Montana killed 439 lions in 2020 out of a population of 5,000. Wolves, out of population of 1100-1200, wolf hunters killed 328. We're killing 25-30% of the wolf population a year, we're killing about 7-8% of the lion population a year.
As to your other question about wolves killing lions, yes they do, enough to impact populations in a significant way? I think they can, I'm sure you're probably referencing the Teton study in Wyoming. According to that study lions did reduced cat populations by 40ish percent. I think how much wolves impact lion numbers depends on a lot of variables...prey base, habitat, pack size, lion density, etc.
I can say that from my personal hunting/trapping/fishing journals I've kept since the late 70's, as I've seen more wolf activity in my favorite spots, I have seen less lion activity. In my book, that's a good thing and I hope it continues. I probably still see 3-4 lion tracks per every wolf track, including this past fall while hunting there.
I'd much rather have a pack of 10 wolves in my hunting spot than 10 lions...all day long and twice on Sunday. I'd rather 10 wolves kill 160 ungulates in my spot, than lions killing 520.
The wolf hysteria is just unfounded BS (not be confused with actual science), people need to simply look at the facts.