Interesting,
@Formidilosus could it be attributed to deflection on bone coming in ?
Yes. But with the deflection causing the nose to close up or slightly fold over generally.
Linked to the angle of the shot?
Yes- but with angle causing the nose to close up or slightly fold over generally.
Stability issue linked to twist?
No, not usually.
I'm interested in what caused the projectile to yaw or tumble at a speed you would expect it to expand.
All pointed bullets yaw in tissue unless they expand and create a relatively wide and flat front to stabilize themselves. The CG is past midpoint on the bullet (rear end weighs more), so they want to yaw and travel base forward. Yawing bullets generally create excellent wounds, however yawing is unpredictable at times. Rapid fragmentation from the front is about the most consistent and repeatable way for a bullet to upset.
I don't have a huge personal sample size, but have a few dozen white tail harvests (mostly 73eldm, a couple 77otm, 3 108eldm, and 2 103eldx and a few .308 odds and ends) and this is the first that appears to have behaved this way.
It happens with all bullets at some point. Monos like Barnes TSX/TTSX, and Hornady CX this happens relatively often to. Most don’t see it when it happens because those bullets don’t fragment so they tend to exit. That’s generally where the larger than thumb size wounds from standard monos come from.
As for why with the ELD-X- again, it just seems to be tied back to the material the tip in Hornady ELD-M and X are made from. It’s brittle and seems to every once in a while break off creating what is functionally a FMJ… sort of. Now most of the time even when that happens, the bullet still upsets or yaws and good damage is created; sometimes not though.
Again this happens with all bullets at some point. The only reason this is being discussed more in this forum recently, is because tipped match bullets did not historically show the behavior. ELD-M’s do show it once in a while, and it appears that if everything goes right (wrong), then ELD-X too.
For those reading: don’t think your -insert whatever- “hunting” bullet doesn’t do it; the vast majority of “hunting bullets” are far worse in this behavior. Which is why those shooting at distance tend to favor “non hunting bullets”. When you actually see legitimate terminal ballistics testing conducted with large sample sizes, bullet failures are nearly always a failure to upset at all- not “blow up” and fail to penetrate.