My definition of a chip shot is if I feel no need to get closer unless I wanted to for the excitement factor. Ample time and a good conditions I’d say 400yds.
For each gun its a little different. Mostly due to velocity. Any range where I hardly even have to think about wind or miss judging range by a dozen or so yards. This is a lot different for my 556 or 308 than my 6.5PRC.