My take on filtering is that the actual pressure is unchanged, all the filtering does is adjust the output for how humans hear it. For gunshots I would guess A weighting under represents the pressure levels in the ear as it ignores low frequencies. From looking at the silencer summit data, there is a small shift from Db to DbA. I personally look at the Db and ignore the A rated data, but for comparison between cans I am not sure it matters.
In regards to under 140, many systems (ie semi auto) have a hard time getting there. Unless I am shooting subs that are really quiet, I use hearing protection. I have a nice set of in ear electronics and use them for hunting. They only offer about 25 db of protection, so adding a can helps reduce my noise exposure down to pretty low levels. Am I safe for one shot with a can, probably, but using a can and ear pro makes it not loud.