This was interesting to me as I’ve seen some patients in my practice with these bunions but never spent much time reading up on them or the surgeries available.
From a review of some general guidelines for orthopedics, it seems you’ve gotten sound advice so far. Try conservative measures first and then if that fails or the bunions are having too great an impact on you quality of life, consider surgery.
Assuming you weren’t born with them, the cause of these bunions seems to generally be footwear that compresses the forefoot or walking in a way that puts more force on the outside of the foot.
Regarding surgery, there looks to be 3-4 common surgical techniques but they aren’t created equal. What I mean by that is there is a classification system used to classify the anatomic cause of the bunion and associated changes to the bone/joint. The cause of the bunion is what determines the best surgical technique. I’m oversimplifying here, but from what I’ve read, type 1 is excessive bone growth, type 2 is due to bowing/curving of the bone and type 3 is due to the metatarsal (bone leading to toe) pointing outwards. Each of these types has its own surgical treatment since the anatomy causing the bunion varies and so too does the fix. This is the reason for the multiple surgeries, it’s not as simple as “this surgeon prefers this method and it’s better because…”.
All of that to say, if it was my feet, I would exhaust all conservative measures before proceeding with surgery. If I did have an interest in surgery, I would start with some weight bearing x-rays and have a qualified specialist (ideally an orthopedic surgeon who has completed a fellowship in foot/ankle surgery) go over the X-rays with me and help me decide the best approach to surgery based on what my x-rays showed.