I'd put all the dog proof traps you ordered out, or at least 6, probably 8-10 feet apart from each other.
"Extra" traps won't hurt and you may catch a raccoon in all of them, but they need to be far enough away from each other that the coons can't spin and reach out and pull on each other or they can use the leverage to get out or pull your stakes up.
I don't think its necessary to fill a dog proof trap. One piece of dog food or a piece of sardine or a hard candy, etc. will do it. If you fill it completely it will just take them longer to get to the trigger and more likely to catch a finger or spring it without catching the paw.
If they are coming out earlier than deer and you have a suppressor I'd just go for it with your deer rifle. I don't think it will harm your deer hunt unless its right before last useful light at which point you're pretty much done anyway.