Yes, and the F&G dictates what that looks like. But they don't and can't dictate what the landowners do with that. Let's say the landowners all got together and decided that they wouldn't allow access to anybody. Ok........so then what does the F&G do to manage the elk given that scenario?
See what I mean? You could go round and round with this while changing up the dynamics of the entire process. They could put up game fences to keep the elk off of private land as well, but that would most likely be cost prohibitive.
Are the elk living on these ranches year round? If so, the F&G really doesn't have a lot of control over them. If the elk migrate, then perhaps a better season would be "before" they move to the private ground. They did this a few years ago in Colorado. By the time the late seasons rolled around, the elk were already on private ground and the landowners either didn't allow access at all, or wanted to charge for access just like in MT. So the populations grew to the point that when the elk returned to the public ground, they were way over population objectives. The only way the F&G could manage that was to offer early rifle seasons on public ground to try and cut the populations. The thing is......if the elk never leave the private, then the F&G really doesn't have a population problem. At that point......the ranchers have a problem....if they even view it as a problem.
Lots of ways to tackle this. The ranchers either want them off the property, or they want to make money off of access. Either way is their choice given the circumstances. Like I said earlier, I know some ranchers that have almost given up cattle operations and just cater to the hunting and providing access to make up the difference now. You play the hand you're dealt. The thing is........until you or anyone else actually pays the access fee or gets permission to hunt, you're not even in the game.