If you're wanting to rechamber a factor barrel then probably (you'd need to get long action mags and bolt stop though), but best to talk with Karl Kampfeld about his thoughts if going that route.If I went the “donor” rifle route, what caliber would I want for a 280ai? 7mm-08?
If you're swapping barrels outright then any cartridge with a standard bolt face would work from the bolt perspective, you just might need different mags/bolt stop. A 270win and 30-06 would have the correct bolt/mags/bolt stop. On the flipside those barrels aren't that popular to resell if taking them off. 6.5creed and 243win (1:8) twist would be more popular to sell as a take off but you'd need long action mags/bolt stop with those.
Bolt stops aren't expensive, after market ones are ~$30 and if you look in the classifieds someone might have one as a take off too.