This is something that I looked into years ago. I spoke with a Yancey County game warden about it, and his answer was very vague. But I've always interpretted it the way it is read. That any area that's undeveloped is open to hunting within National Forest. I'm not sure how far you need to be from "developed recreational areas", I've always just made a point to stay far away parking areas, trailheads, campgrounds, etc. Now I'm not saying that I'm the law on that, but that's the way I've always understood it.
As I'm sure your already aware, it is extremely difficult to spot and stalk whitetail in Western Carolina mountains w/ a bow. So if your planning to do it with a bow I would recommend scouting some areas, and setting up a stand prior to your trip, and setting up near your stand. And if your gonna be camping for a week, you would have the chance to move the stand around as you learn their patterns. This is the only way I have had success attempting a backpack whitetail hunt in Western Carolina while bowhunting. You really wanna have a good spot nailed down, so it takes a lot of scouting, and trail camera usage. Last thing you wanna do is lug around a tree stand to an area you have no idea if their evening coming through. I'll find an area with alot of doe activity, and get the stand set up. That way when I come back to hunt, I typically have a good idea they are gonna be around, but I may have to move the stand around a bit to set myself up perfectly.
Hunting whitetail with a rifle here in NC mountains would offer you more of that western style elk hunt, and would offer a higher success rate while being nomadic in the mountains. Although, I am not aware of the laws pertaining to rifle hunting in national forests. I'm sure the info is out there, but for the most part I strictly bowhunt so I can't say forsure.
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