In your opinion what 3-5 rifle cartridges are best for Mule Deer?

Well, I have killed only two mule deer so far, one with a .50 cal muzzleloader, and the other with a .308 Win.

Truthfully, I bet any centerfire rifle would work just fine, though some stuff can do it from farther away than some other stuff.

That being said, if a new hunter asked me what centerfire I'd recommend it would be .308 first choice because its the second most common centerfire rifle cartridge, lots of ammo choices, recoil is fine for most adult rifle shooters, and it has more than enough power and range for 99% of deer hunting.

But 6.5 swede or 6.5 creed or 6.5 PRC and anything else in that ballpark would be a great choice as well, just less widespread factory ammo choices.

30-06 needs an honorable mention of course as well.

So does the old classic low recoiling western deer/pronghorn cartridge, the .243 Win. That is what I'd recommend to someone small or recoil adverse.
 
Any cartridge pushing the heaviest for caliber frangible lead target bullets near 3000fps. They all make nasty wounds and kill out to a damn long ways.
 
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