That’s absolutely wild.
I’m a huge 700 fan but would have believed the receiver was warped before I believed you got two bad Criterion barrels in a row. Wow.
To be fair to Criterion, I never tried the 30-06 barrel on the Rem 78 receiver, only the 700. From a pure science perspective, a lot of variables have been changed along the way, to the point we can't do a hard comparison in many respects.
For example, it's plausible that the 30-06 barrel may have been fine but the 700 receiver is warped or somesuch other receiver problem, and a SAAMI 30-06 throat likely has some accuracy limitations anyway, which combined could have been enough for me to be "meh" and send it back.
Then the 280AI barrel gets sent. If the 700 receiver is a problem, I've run 100 rounds down the pipe that never had a chance due to a receiver thing, then I transplant it to the 78 receiver. I have only tried 2 loads in the barrel on a good receiver, neither of which shot (but one of which might not be expected to shoot, given the bullet in question).
That's why as I've thought about it, I wanna give it one more go, in the 78 receiver, with some 175 ELD-Xs out of the same box that's been shooting near-magically-good in my 7x57, using a fairly slow powder for a 280AI (using a slower powder is what makes the magic in the 7x57, it's actually borderline 'meh' with 4350-ish powders and lighter bullets, it demands 4831-ish and heavy bullets).
Also to be fair, 2 bad barrels in a row would also explain the results I've seen, but I would 100% give Criterion some benefit of the doubt here, given the potential for that 700 receiver to Just Suck(tm).