I definitely believe you lived in Texas.
I’ve also shot completely through both shoulders on a cow with a Mini-14. Now, they were 55-grain FMJs, not modern TMKs. And through femurs, backbones, skulls, you name it. The bones shattered. The bullets kept going. My brother and I were testing the movie theory that a dead body, or a dead horse, could be good cover. Our target subject was an otherwise healthy cow that ate stagger weed and died. Unfortunately, the tool we had to test the theory was far more effective than the typical 19th-century technology. Not every bullet went right through. But enough did that I wouldn’t take cover behind a person, cow, horse, or elk and expect it to go well for me. And the full stomach did better at stopping the bullets than the shoulders did.
People mythologize these animals to make killing them more of an accomplishment than it really is, but for most animals, the accomplishment is in locating and closing with them, not in the destruction phase. Modern rifles are just that good.
I don’t care about exit wounds. I care about dead and recovered animals. If the animal is too far away for the chosen weapon, then we have to get closer. If the angle is bad, we have to pick a better angle. If the recovery will be too difficult, whether because of terrain or available light, we have to consider that. Letting the animal walk, unharmed, is always an option.
My usual jurisdiction doesn’t allow .224 caliber for deer. It’s been that way since the 1960s. So, I haven’t ever shot a game animal with a .224 bullet. But, I have yet to encounter a situation where I couldn’t have killed the animal just as dead with a .223 as whatever cartridge I was using. And every time I have used a muzzleloader, I have laughed at the idea that a .223 is unethical or inhumane.
Most modern center fire cartridges with good bullets are powerful enough to do the job further out than most people should be shooting. And using more powerful cartridges - in my experience - leads to more rodeos because they cause users to overestimate their own and their rifle’s ability. People expect the larger caliber to compensate for their shortcomings. A gut shot animal is gut shot whether you hit it with a .300 WM or a 6.5 CM or a .223. And an animal with a 2” hole through its lungs is as dead as one with a 2.5” hole through its lungs.