Quite a few variables impacting pronghorn in WY:
- 2019, 2021, 2023 winterkill. Harsh winters too close together.
- Mycoplasma bovis, a strain of pneumonia native to bovines that began jumping to pronghorn in 2019. Some herds have lost 50% due to this disease. Unknown if this was always present, but not noticed, or if this is a new impact.
- Range condition
- In some areas, drought/invasive species significantly impacting available browse, thus limiting population potential
- In other areas, maturing landscape where trees are increasing is reducing preferred habitat. Pronghorn once roamed and now do not use it due to altering landscape
- Similar to mule deer, pronghorn do not have the necessary gut biome to process large quantities of alfalfa/hay, thus limiting effectiveness of supplemental feeding programs during harsh winters.
- Migration corridors being impacted due to development
- Development of areas for gas/oil
- Not the same as housing of course, but the initial impact of road building, traffic, and disturbance of vegetation will negatively impact habitat use for quite some time.
Alone or in combination, these variables will certainly have long term implications for populations, especially at local levels. Biologists across the state have been alarmed at the lack of population bounce back, in many different areas. In 2006, population was around 500k. 2023 estimate is around 285k, with some populations 90% lower vs. 10 year average (Wyoming Range).