I believe that either your cartridges are under pressure by quite a bit or your neck tension is so light that the bullet is moving before the case expands in to the chamber walls. The dent is created by the combustion gasses that have moved back in to the area of the shoulder. You can see gas burns under the shoulder and in the dent.
Those dents do look like the classic dents caused by excessive lubricant on the case or in the resizing die.
They are safe to fire and the dent will fire form out.
However, you mention that you suspect that it was caused during firing. Do you have some pictures of the cases after foreign and before resizing?
I have seen dents caused by the extraction/ejection process.
Another trick is to use a sharply to mark the case. Index the mark on some reference point on the rifle (or place the mark straight up). Fire the cartridge and see if there is any correlation or consistency as to where the dent shows up. If there is a defect in the rifle’s chamber, the dent will form in the same spot in relation to the index mark.
Hope this helps.
.264 Win mag, new nosler brass, 140 VlD, 65.2 gr Retumbo, 3280 FPS
What could cause this dent in the brass?
This is the third time this has happened in about 100 rounds fired.