I've been on 3 Alaskan moose hunts. I've seen kills with 0.308's, 7mm Rem mag, and 30-06. Any of those cartridges will kill them.
Moose are big but fairly easy to kill. But they can certainly absorb a shot. They will take a perfect shot to the chest, stop, and just look around. I think they'd die pretty quick if you just stood there. But we always put another shot in them if they are still standing.
Now on to your question parameter, I would pick the 7PRC with 180 grain accubonds. That is the closest to what I've seen work.
I personally take a 30-06 with 180 grain coreloks. But I limit my shots to about 300 yards.
(when I go next time, I'll take a 7mm rem mag with 160 grain Accubonds)