Yes, a dry patch between each round is all that's required with BH209. With 777, you'll have to use a wet patch- sometimes called a "spit patch-" to dislodge the deposits that form in between shots. This is the "crud ring" you hear about, which forms on the inside of your barrel, usually a few inches in front of where your loaded projectile rests, after firing. None of my rifles can be loaded without significant effort after even one round without running the spit patch like that.
Regarding the OP's question, I would never leave a blackpowder rifle that's been fired for more than a few hours. Even rifles that do get cleaned will frequently have some degree of corrosion in the barrel, as a trip to just about any used gun shop that stocks blackpowder rifles will show. All blackpowder propellants, from true blackpowder to Pyrodex to 777 to BH209, are much more hygroscopic and corrosive than smokeless powder. I always clean ASAP.