Cattle and Mule Deer?

FreeRange

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I'm wondering what everyone's opinions are about hunting mule deer when cattle are using the same area. My past experience in CA has shown me that the cattle have pretty minimal impact on deer, last year I watched a nice bachelor group of 6-7 bucks feed and bed down within 100 yards of some cattle in a high elevation wilderness area and other encounters over the years have shown them to be not too bothered by the presence of beef cows.

This past week I was hunting SE Idaho in a unit I'd say is 75%+ sagebrush interspersed with aspen and pine stands on the upper north slopes and some still pretty open pinyon/juniper hills in places. I was really looking forward to hunting some open country mule deer as on paper it looked like a good unit to find deer out in the open. What I encountered on the ground however was intense over-grazing with cows everywhere. After a few days of not seeing many deer I started hunting the pine areas and started getting into a lot of deer and killed a 3x3 on the last day. I'd say 90% of the deer I saw were within 20 yards of a pine tree, and not pinyons, which was surprising. This was no way what I was expecting but what little I've been able to research since then about the affect of cows on deer is that heavy grazing will drive the deer into thicker cover than usual, which I've never heard before.

The buck I killed had bloody horns and some velvet still so I was very surprised to find him in the thicker cover as well.

I talked to other hunters who also hunt it during the rifle season and they say during rifle season they are way more likely to see bucks out in the sage, which I find very odd but again could attribute that to cattle. The buck I killed was in a drainage where they'd just pulled the cattle out a few days before and from what I understand that will really get the deer back out and using the country once the cattle are gone. From what I heard most of the cattle in that part of the state get taken off the range in September.

I do think it's great that our public lands are available to ranchers to graze their cattle on, of course it can be an inconvenience at times but next to hunting wild animals I do feel that grazing cattle on wild lands can be a good, sustainable source of meat. But what I saw up there was pretty troubling by how over-grazed the area was. Not to mention my wife and kids came with me and every square foot of semi-flat ground in the whole range was covered in cow patties which made camping not as enjoyable for them.

Interested to hear what other's experience has been.
 

Calbuck

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My personal experience is that the deer don't hang around cattle *most* of the time. I believe like you'd heard, that the deer will spread out more once the cattle are moved out of free range areas.
With that said, I do know they will use the same water holes, but usually not at the same time..
Grazing cattle can be pretty destructive to deer habitat, especially if they are left in one area too long. Same with sheep. Deer WILL NOT be where sheep are from what I've seen.
 

W.D. Crawford

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My personal experience is that the deer don't hang around cattle *most* of the time. I believe like you'd heard, that the deer will spread out more once the cattle are moved out of free range areas.
With that said, I do know they will use the same water holes, but usually not at the same time..
Grazing cattle can be pretty destructive to deer habitat, especially if they are left in one area too long. Same with sheep. Deer WILL NOT be where sheep are from what I've seen.
In my experience Elk will leave also if there are a lot of cattle in an area same with sheep.
 
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I've seen the same thing. I scout up a good buck in the summer. They push cattle into the area and the buck is nowhere to be found. Kind of irritating.

Regards, Branden
 
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I do think it's great that our public lands are available to ranchers to graze their cattle on, of course it can be an inconvenience at times but next to hunting wild animals I do feel that grazing cattle on wild lands can be a good, sustainable source of meat. But what I saw up there was pretty troubling by how over-grazed the area was. Not to mention my wife and kids came with me and every square foot of semi-flat ground in the whole range was covered in cow patties which made camping not as enjoyable for them.
.

so a rancher has cattle, the cattle are his product
walmart has stuff, that stuff is their product
can walmart store all of their product in public areas or do they have to have a warehouse?
I want to start a car washing business, can I bring buckets and soap and post up in the parking lot at city hall?

I think ranchers product should be confined to property that they explicitly own and care for. I understand this will never happen but think how great it would be to not have cow pies every 5 feet when youre trying to spend time with your family, less fences in wilderness areas... more vegetation for wildlife to graze leading to healtier game animals and better population numbers...
yea... that will never happen...
 

fngTony

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We scouted one week before the open and cattle pushed them out for sure. Luckily there was a higher concentration of deer to the south of us.

I'm not against cows grazing but there was about double than previous years. Agree it distrupts everything. They also pushed our elk to private land this year 😭
 

bohntr

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Two of the best bucks I've arrowed were feeding within 100 yards of cattle........I haven't seem much of an effect on them. Sheep are a different story.
 

fngTony

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It also depends on the scenario. A small meadow packed with cows will likely keep the deer out because there is no room and if that meadow gets trampled and pies left every where deer won't be back soon. That was my experience this year. On the contrary a wide open area they will mix. Yes sheep are noisy and come with dogs and humans so they push everything. Bottom line, stay diligent.
 

W.D. Crawford

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so a rancher has cattle, the cattle are his product
walmart has stuff, that stuff is their product
can walmart store all of their product in public areas or do they have to have a warehouse?
I want to start a car washing business, can I bring buckets and soap and post up in the parking lot at city hall?

I think ranchers product should be confined to property that they explicitly own and care for. I understand this will never happen but think how great it would be to not have cow pies every 5 feet when youre trying to spend time with your family, less fences in wilderness areas... more vegetation for wildlife to graze leading to healtier game animals and better population numbers...
yea... that will never happen...
Man, I thought I was the only one that thought that.
 

toddb

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Nothing starts a morning off like stepping in a cow pie in the dark walking in. Not my preference for a cover scent.
 

desertcj

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so a rancher has cattle, the cattle are his product
walmart has stuff, that stuff is their product
can walmart store all of their product in public areas or do they have to have a warehouse?
I want to start a car washing business, can I bring buckets and soap and post up in the parking lot at city hall?

I think ranchers product should be confined to property that they explicitly own and care for. I understand this will never happen but think how great it would be to not have cow pies every 5 feet when youre trying to spend time with your family, less fences in wilderness areas... more vegetation for wildlife to graze leading to healtier game animals and better population numbers...
yea... that will never happen...

They pay grazing fee's. Of course, I'm not really sure what we get out of it. I personally don't really like grazing cattle on public land. As for deer. My experience is that they are where you find them! They go where they want and I've seen it both ways.
 

fngTony

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It can be cheaper to pay grazing fees than buying or leasing more land, helps keep beef prices down. So I was told by a rancher.
 

b0nes

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Recently found something very similar, father drew a great controlled elk tag here in central idaho. Cows everywhere, pooping and pissing in every single water source. Then went into the wildlife management area (not supposed to be any cattle) and came across 30 head of cattle 3.5 miles back on mountain bike. I think fish and game should round up every moo cow when it's not supposed to be in an area and fine the owner so steeply it never happens again. Cattle displace elk and deer and I don't give 2 $hits what anyone says. They ruin water sources and destroy a lot of ground in competition with elk herds. I'm not saying deer and elk have never inhabited in the same area as cattle but at some point it's just ridiculous. I gain nothing from people's cows grazing your and my land with no benefit to me or wildlife, I have no idea on the subject but I bet grazing fees are minimal. I know this is a touchy subject in areas but it's become over the top.
 

WRO

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Here's the issue, cows on public land are pragmatic. Yes they create issues, but they also come with predator control which helps our overall populations. Wild horses on the other hand serve no purpose.

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slick

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WRO, I'm not following the predator control statement. The way I look at it, many public lands are pretty rugged, especially out west and I know that those ranchers aren't sleeping on those range cows every night to make sure no predators got them. Yeah, they might take a few wolves (or cats, & coyotes) but I dont think it has a large impact on the overall predator population. While, on the other hand the habitat damage caused by overgrazing can lead to far worse results that can last for many years. I'm not saying you're wrong, I'm just suspicious of it and would like to see depredation stats from cattle grazing on public ground.


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WRO

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WRO, I'm not following the predator control statement. The way I look at it, many public lands are pretty rugged, especially out west and I know that those ranchers aren't sleeping on those range cows every night to make sure no predators got them. Yeah, they might take a few wolves (or cats, & coyotes) but I dont think it has a large impact on the overall predator population. While, on the other hand the habitat damage caused by overgrazing can lead to far worse results that can last for many years. I'm not saying you're wrong, I'm just suspicious of it and would like to see depredation stats from cattle grazing on public ground.

I don't know if there are any stats, but locally there are more deer, elk, and antelope in areas where cows graze than not. I know that Antelope does get in the middle of herds of cattle locally to fawn for protection from predators. Mule deer and Cows use different food sources, cattle are grazers and deer are browsers. I've hunted enough working cattle ranches that are loaded with mule deer and good public land that has both as to not be too concerned with their presence.
 
OP
FreeRange

FreeRange

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I'm definitely on the fence about it. I'll say when done responsibly cattle grazing on public land can be of benefit to everyone. What I saw up there was way over grazed however. On the other hand the range I was in had had major water development for cattle production, the natural springs were well fenced off and piped to multiple water holes that were designed to not be destroyed by cattle. I'd say the development had increased the availability of water tenfold in that range, which could only help deer on summer range.

I've never been around such gross overgrazing and that what in my mind was what really moved the deer out. Where I ended up killing my buck was as I mentioned where the cattle had just been moved out and I don't know that it actually made things easier for the deer but it definitely didn't hurt their browse where the cattle had been. The grass was grazed down to the dirt but all the fresh green forbs were out now exposed and the deer were mowing it down like a salad bar. Elk on the other hand were non-existant in these over grazed areas alltogether and it would have made finding elk much easier as you could tell from a mile away with bino's if a hillside had been grazed or not, the lack of grass was that evident.

I know it would be nice if no cattle were grazed on our public lands. Some people think it would be nice if no logging were ever conducted on federal lands, nor mining, nor 4x4ing, nor hunting for that matter I'm sure. Responsible mixed use of our forests should be everyone's goal I feel. No doubt some improvements could be made.

I know for myself a big part of my future research on hunting units is going to include making inquiries about grazing activity in the area I'm looking to hunt.
 
OP
FreeRange

FreeRange

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I'll add that for evidence that properly managed cattle rangeland can be productive mule deer habitat I'm sure that just about all major private ranches in the west that are leased by outfitters for mule deer hunting and are managed for quality bucks still have cattle ranging on them. It's just a matter of proper management with both species in mind. I would figure a rancher with both cattle production and deer production in mind would employ different grazing practices on his own land than a rancher paying $1.30/head/month on BLM land looking to maxmize profits in a short grazing season.
 

choovhntr

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Northern CA
Very interesting topic with some interesting responses. Being a hunter and also part of a cattle ranching family I get both sides. IMO, yes cattle can affect the deer population in an area to some extent. From what I've seen deer are most affected when cows are moving through their bedding area. The deer don't like constantly getting jumped from their beds. They will feed near the cattle if there is food obviously. In other words, they aren't scared of the cows themselves, just don't like being startled. As far as fines for cattle being out, I completely disagree. For us, 9 times out of ten the cows got out of their pasture because some hiker or hunter either left a gate open or cut the fence because they are too lazy to go around or through it. The rancher now has to spend the time finding the cows, moving them back, and fixing the fence on their dime. To throw a fine on top for something they can't control is completely unfair.
 

b0nes

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Choovhntr, there's a very simple solution, graze your cows on your own land. Don't have enough land? Don't have so many cows. I have a hard time believing that any biologist will say cattle grazing on public land improves habitat. All that aside I bet it is a PITA when people don't leave gates as they found them.
 
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