Depends entirely on how good of shot you are and the animals demeanor at the time! You know, kind of like with shooting a compound! All my kills and there aren't that many of them have been under 20 yards. If that's your concern, then trad ain't for you. If you read Hunting With The Bow and Arrow by Saxton Pope, they talk about shooting a grizzly at 80ish yards and getting pass through and discuss the carnage caused by the broadhead. If you can hit an animal in the correct place you can kill it. On a 3d course I regularly make good shots out to 60ish yards but I wouldn't shoot a live animal that far unless it's already wounded. I once with a target bow (no sights) put 5 out of 5 in a moose target at 100 yards, 3 of which were in the kill zone. There's definitely no accuracy advantage to a trad bow, but if you miss they are quiet enough that you might be able to get a second shot off. If you follow Aron Snyder, he's stacking animals at distances a lot of compound shooters I've seen or know shouldn't be shooting. I know beyond the shadow of a doubt, had I not switched, I would have a stack of animals under my belt that were out of my range with trad, but I'm willing to make that sacrifice to enjoy archery as much as I do shooting trad bows! I guess as to your question, for deer I'm comfortable out to about 25yds and elk or moose out too 40yds, some days it's not that far for either if my shooting is off.