Mayo Clinic cochlear implant audiologist here. We localize sound using interaural (between ear) time differences (below 1 kHz) and interaural level differences (above 1 kHz). So being able to tell where sound is coming from is a two ear task. A lot of the electronic muffs use one microphone two speakers since that's cheaper to manufacture. You will not get any localization from this set up. Some of them use two totally independent microphone/circuitry/speakers. This is better but not perfect because the microphone placement isn't correct. In the ear options are always independent circuitry and the microphones are close to the natural place (preserving pinna effects), so as long as you get your level set equivocally between your ears, you'll be mostly good for localization. Determining distance is going to be a level cue which again comes back to getting your volume set correctly.
Science aside, I've had good luck with my custom SoundGear and recommend them. I believe they are the most cost effective option, though that may have changed since I got mine a few years ago. Know that the non-custom options may or may not work for you depending on your ear canals.
My biggest complaint is that getting the volume set correctly can be a chore, and they have a "tinny" sound quality. Walking through grass is more noisy than it is to me naturally, for example. I have used mine on pheasant and goose hunts without a problem.
Good on you for wanting to protect your hearing. I have patients come though all the time who have significant hearing loss from shooting with ears unprotected "only a couple times a year while hunting." You're smart to prevent hearing loss in the first place. If you can swing it, get custom. You'll get a better fit and better sound attenuation, though I understand it can be quite pricey.
Hopefully that helps! Let me know if you have more questions.
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I'm coming late to this discussion but after looking at all of the options, I think I've come up with a cheaper solution for skeet and trap shooting outdoors. Curious to hear your thoughts, Westonadkins.
This is what I told a friend of mine when she asked what I was using for hearing protection:
You basically have two options. You can get the big, dorky over-the-ear muffs that are incredibly well reviewed and work great. The Howard Leights are 50 bucks and I've used mine for years.
HOWEVER... they are only good for one thing, and that's shooting. Also, you'll want shooting glasses with flat arms, so they fit under the ear muffs easily. Otherwise it creates a gap, and in my experience that gap lets in noise.
My second option, the one that I use 100% of the time for clay shooting nowadays, is to get a pair of Jabra 65t Actives, and pair them with specialized foam ear tips that are meant for running (ie: they are sweat proof). Pricing is $120 for the ear buds, and 20 bucks for three pairs of Comply foam tips. Please note this isn't an approved solution for hearing protection, but it has worked very well for me. YMMV.
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07H3DJXHZ/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_KDFFFbBBMGQD9
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B075RDZTYY/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_KzFFFbH03ED78
Here is why I like the latter option more:
1) The ear buds are multi-use. I use mine to listen to music, join conference calls, go mountain biking, go running, and on flights, I don't even turn them on - I rely on the squishy expanding foam tips to drown out the outside noise.
2) They sound great for music.
3) You can enable 'hear-through mode' by double-tapping the right ear button. This was meant for joggers to be able to hear sounds around them while running and listening to music, but in my experience, I toggle the sound on and off for shooting skeet and clays. (Note: for shooting rifle at the range, I want the most ear protection I can get, so I double up on foam ear plugs and over the ear protection).
Basically it works like this - while shooting the buds isolate the gunfire report, and as we walk to the next station, I'll double-tap the earpiece so we can all chat. Then I'll double-tap again as we resume shooting. I can still hear range commands, but the report of the guns is dramatically reduced.
The only problem with the latter solution is that the foam tips for ear buds are sticky, so they don't fall out while you're exercising. If you jam them into the charging case, they can be tough to pull out. My solution - I just take them off and put them back into the little plastic case the foam tips came in.
Hope this helps some folks!
Nate