The below is a reply from an older guy from central Idaho with probably a ton of real world experience Found it kinda interesting. The question was "Why the big hype for Hard Cast for a Woods load"
This is a good question.
A hardcast bullet is NOT much better than a FMJ UNLESS the meplat is wide and the edges are sharp and velocity high for a
handgun. Just because a bullet is made from heat treated or hard alloy does not mean it is a good killer of game.
Recognising that all auto handgun cartridges are weak by
rifle standards, one must rely on bullet design to make the best of it. Configurations approaching the Keith type provide for overall good disruption of tissue and deep penetration.
On the other side is the FMJ. Yes, deep penetration is a feature of its design, but few have sharply shaped and wide, flat meplats.
Many FMJ's cause little peripheral trauma compared to good JHP's and some HCL
bullets. This can be seen in many wound channels where most FMJ's {even some truncated cone designs} almost appear to have been caused by an ice pick.
I have far more experience killing critters with FMJ's than with other bullets, tho I've used SWC, JHP's and JSP's also.
I've killed many dozens of butcher stock {sheep and goats} and many dogs, dozens of coyotes and hundreds of small varmints with various service
pistol calibers and the FMJ is by far the least effective bullet at making quick kills compared to any other design unless the other designs are rounded or do not open up and thus act like FMJ's {LRN, JHP and JSP that are too "hard" for the velocity they are paired with}. FMJ's are lethal for sure, but are not quick killers unless CNS is hit.
We follow and chase wound channels of the animals shot.
I am not necessarily a committed fan of the hard cast lead bullet for all uses. Many people IMO overblow the "deep penetration" advantage of hard cast lead
bullets and especially the NEED for same in the "West". A good JHP will produce very severe internal trauma and fast kills compared with many cast lead types and of course FMJ's. In fact, faster in some cases than the HCL.
Where very large game is concerned, the hard cast lead bullet with a big wide meplat can be the best {of the worst...I'm not a fan of any service
pistol round compared to a
rifle} and provide...at least...deep penetration in spite of the fact that peripheral trauma is poor compared to a rifle round. But most FMJ's are far worse yet...
Remember, many folks talk about the need for carrying a heavy, deep penetrating bullet. Yet for most of the actual stuff that needs some killing, a faster-opening bullet may prove best. That is my opinion for bear and lion throughout the West, and now wolves, too. Here where I am, we do not have any really big bear, and frankly, bear don't cause me any consternation anyway though I've killed 9 of them for meat, mostly.
The HCL does provide overall, good performance...for a
handgun...
...if it feeds reliably from your auto.
That is another case entirely.