The axis will be warmer due to the complete fleece backing + waterproof sections. Axis pockets are roomier to get into with winter gloves on. The Talus will be less warm due to fleece backing only in the waterproof sections and its a lighter "grid" fleece too. The Talus pockets are slimmer and harder to access with gloves on. The Talus primeflex fabric is thicker over the waterproof sections and I find it a bit more abrasion resistant vs that on the Axis.
I treat the Talus as more of all-rounder workforce pant, when you're active through possibly rougher terrain and may encounter wet conditions like creek crossings, damp grass, light snow.
I mainly use the axis in snow covered, below freezing conditions. Or when its cold and I may be less active and need more thermal protection due to inactivity.
Also if you like wearing gaiters the axis pant will accommodate them. The talus knee pads interfere.